Indo European Folktales Study guide

Expansive topographical gathering with a typical phonetic foundation William Jones established that Sanskrit was pay to Alan and Greek Proto-London European : no real verification this gathering of individuals existed Folklore Colloquial definition: is a folktale valid or not? Insightful definition: how does a story mirror the traditions or estimations of a people Precursors to the Grimm Anne Sexton connection to the Grams Snow White †Anne Sexton Focus: female magnificence Mirror theme Superficial male want †ladies is an object of excellence, man knows nothing else about her Mother-girl conflictQueen Is losing magnificence with her age, Jealous of Snow White since Snow White Is turning out to be increasingly delightful Happy consummation Snow White is made to seem as though a china doll † she Is excellent outwardly yet void on the Inside, an item to be seen Similarities Real topic Issues/subjects are comparable Differences Narrative point of view †Anne Sexton uti lizes â€Å"l† and Identifies herself as a middle age witch She investigated male controlled society †addressed a contemporary New England crowd New Issues/topic † she addressed a contemporary crowd, she discloses to her stories In present day structure applying them to the present society Angela CarterThe Bloody Chamber and Other Stories Rewrote a portion of the Blueberry stories She needed to concentrate on the wants/contemplations of ladies Believed ladies could show they had influence Not sentimental (rather than Anne Sexton who was progressively sentimental) Wrote â€Å"Tiger's Bride† dependent on the Beauty and the Beast and Tigers Bride (consolidated stories) Her Version of Tigers Bride Narrative viewpoint: included musings of Characters Bride †transitioning Father †awful dad, bets everything endlessly Tiger †monster figure †not certain what Hess Like on the Inside Father sells her In a round of cards, brute simply needs to see her bare He gives her his stuff and there are sexual experiences (since she turned on by the creature inside him and he drew out the creature in her) Themes of the story: social limitations, imprisonment, code of respect that confined ladies, dismissing male centric culture, freedom of ladies (women's liberation), she doesn't go to spare her dad Regular rendition of Tiger's Bride Enemy of male centric society Patriarchy Ideals of the accommodating spouse Western Tradition Wives submit themselves to beneficiary husband, husband is the leader of the wife and guardian angel of her body Russian people The man is the head however the lady is the neck, the head will follow the neck where it turns Less male centric than western culture Wish Tales, all the Wives stories advance male centric culture Women's wants are silly Female dangers to male controlled society Pride (cleverness) Insatiable and nonsensical want Disobedience Women are continually doing something contrary to what ought to be d one Memento moor Reminder placed into works of art that you will in the long amazing: a dining experience, everybody is having a great time, in a canvas, and a skull or crossbones as an update you are going to pass on Death stories †tokens of death Deaths ambassadors Mourning A characteristic procedure, Just misery by and large Have a type of service where we can externalities the pain Monument Tale: the Mustard SeedMelancholy Initialization of distress Don't dispose of it Tale: The Place Where There Are No Graves Ate the dead bodies †truly disguised demise Parody Humorous/sarcastic impersonation Blatant errors Criticizes unique Sheer Objects of Parody Disney Moral structure, innovation, family structures, Americanization Fairy Tales Ideals of Beauty Methods of Parody Pop culture references Irrelevant and unrefined funniness Problems with Parody No option offered Must depend on what it scorns American Dream Used music and shading just because Made publicity during WI for t he US Disney's Reworking of Fairy Tales Challenges: Length Objectionable topic Moral dinkiness Its difficult to transform a fantasy into a movie on the grounds that the fantasies are short, there's insufficient material, hazy now and again and a few things are unseemly Disney Formula Disney took oral stories Clear structure of good and abhorrence Heightened sentiment Omits a ton of the viciousness Romance replaces sex Clear characterized esteem framework Gender jobs are conventional Cultural generalizations Technology and structure Technology as a subject: enchantment Visual components vs†¦ He text Genre Hollywood melodic Characterization Formulaic nineteenth Century Melodrama Innocent Heroine Gallant Hero Evil Villain Minor Characters Secondary wives, creatures, dwarves, sidekicks for normal alleviation Family Structures Absent moms Absent or maladroit dads Americanization Democratic Protagonists are for the most part teenagers Domestic/compliant job of ladies Rags to wealth w ith individual resourcefulness Made fun of honorability †especially American No immediate savagery between people †rather lifeless things (candles) or creatures Sublimation of Violence Irony Cinderella †brutality between creatures rather than people Royal Dahl Skipping foundation and examination because of time requirements Verse structure Plot to some degree not the same as unique yet at the same time similarModern subtleties not from old past †fit into current society Tales connected together in a fantasy world Fairy story crowd †what kids need to hear, didn't take out a significant part of the savagery or rough stuff Woman as a casualty †ridiculing this and gives his story a women's activist curve, ladies have a feeling of influence Techniques of farce Form and style †rhyme with grown-up sort of diversion, utilizes a ton of slang, underlines the contrast between stories at that point and now Characters and plot make us see the inconsistence in t he first story Know his adaptation of Little Red riding Hood Gilles De Raise A blueberry figure Murdered kids Gunman the Accursed Historical reason for the blueberry character Murdered a few of his past wives and his fourth wife found the body chamber Real occasion Fourth wife was Saint Therein Saint Therein (see above) Jane Champion (the Piano) Had a blue channel on her piano The lady was quiet and just utilized the piano as a way to convey Her better half (a blueberry character) cleaved off her fingers so she was unable to impart Margaret of Invader (the Heptathlon) Queen of Invader Defender of notable humanists and a few writers in her composing Important figure in her time Story speaks to husband excusing herRenaissance culture The Heptathlon Adulteress discipline Pretty high up in French respectability Progressive for her day Giovanni Vacation (The Dodecahedron) Philosophies Poetry of the individuals Everyday individuals are near nature and the occasions in the past than the pr ivileged Simplicity and realness Tales are something natural Monogenic One inception of the tales and afterward varieties emerged from that one adaptation Polynesia Multiple beginnings of a similar kind of story in light of the fact that similar individuals are experiencing comparable encounters in better places Carol Jung †Archetypes Show us approaches to change and improvement Genres of Folktale Literature Legend: has chronicled establishing, is vague Ex: Johnny Applauded Fairy Tales: depend on enchantment to give dream answers for conquer issues Myths: account projection shaped into a story, relationship more profound with the universe Fable: moral, typically express, exemplification, exceptionally short stories, consistently have creatures who, dislike fantasy would they say they were can talk through supernatural influence yet no enchantment is required for them to talk Everyday life circumstances Protagonists are creatures Moral truth NOT enchantment Animals give Didactic capacity The Stake Tales The PanchromaticFunction of Folktales Explanatory Traditional (go with customs) Social (help unite individuals) Schools of Folklore Inquiry Origin Form Meaning Style Origins: Early Stages Distribution and spread of folktales Grimm Frederic Max Mueller Scholar of Sanskrit Solar folklore: doesn't have anything to do with the sun, yet the normal world Folktales are clarifications of common wonder Mueller Theodore Bendy German Orientals Studied Eastern societies Argued that stories started in India Folktales went through three significant roads: Oral customs from dealers Arabic and Persian Translations Contact among Muslim and European Origins: Historical and land strategy Reconstruct the historical backdrop of a specific story †take a gander at forms and triangulate what the basic source is Methodology: gather all the known variations of a story; from Motif: reoccurring topic, every component in a table Type: a lot of themes hung together, a customary sto ry that has a remarkable requesting the themes Form Two significant schools Formalist Vladimir Prop Functions Actions that are taken by characters, how do these activity move the story, back it off, or impact the general structure of the story Ex: LORD meeting the wolf? What capacity does this have?Functions occur in a specific request 31 potential capacities, consecutive, however not all capacities show up in all stories Structuralism Levi-Strauss Myths mirror the coherent structure of the human brain Binary restriction: two things in nature that are contradicted See formalist and capacities above Believed legends is an uncommon type of verbal fine arts of fables and writing have various morphologies that old stories has explicit structures Literary works have a writer, old stories works never have a writer Literature is steady, old stories changes autonomously of individuals' will Morphology: a credit of the story as per its segment part and the relationship of these segments to o ne another and to the entire Max Lithium and Style Stylistic Analysis Four Features of Folklore One Dimensionality Coexistence of a genuine and captivated world Happen to stroll from a genuine world into a charmed one Dependableness Absence of character inspiration Don't have to know the character history to realize their inspirations Often found in fantasies Lack of mental profundity Abstraction Extremes and shows contrasts Ex: troll eats a bull BC Hess so ravenous Fixed equations:

Life of Muhammad free essay sample

Life story of Muhammad O Children of Israel! Without a doubt, I am the ambassador of Allah to you, checking what is before me of the Torah and giving the uplifting news of a Messenger who will come after me whose name will be Ahmed (Quran, 61:6). This was the prophetic declaration of the happening to the Prophet Muhammad by Jesus Christ. Muhammad was capable accomplish this status as an unmistakable pioneer through his capacity to bind together the Arab country while in political force and furthermore as a strict pioneer, drove the country of Islam to the information on the one genuine God. Muhammad sallallahu Aalayhi a salam was one of the most unmistakable pioneers in the Islamic country, in a strict viewpoint as well as on a mainstream one. The Prophet Muhammad was conceived on August 29, 570 C. E. at Mecca. His origination is currently assigned as the cause of the Islamic religion. We will compose a custom exposition test on Life of Muhammad or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Muhammad spent his youth in a halfway house after the demise of his dad (Kikim). On the arrival from a journey to Medina, Muhammads mother passed on when he was just six years of age. He was then raised by his granddad Abd al Muttalib. At eight years old, his granddad was murdered by Muhammads own uncle Abu Talib (Kikim). Muhammad had an extremely violent youth described by living in different homes, which made him the individual he became in his later years. During Muhammads juvenile years, there were no laws or request in Arabia. The Arab country was partitioned into a wide range of clans; a great many people were shepherds and still established in old conventions and customs. The prevalent religion was the antiquated Arab religion, which despite everything comprised of some odd traditions and customs, for example, animistic practices, female child murder (the slaughtering of baby young ladies), and furthermore the love of undreds of icons (Fiero, 229). Muhammad had 6 youngsters: four young ladies and two young men. His first child kicked the bucket in labor. Muhammad was not excited with way of life of the Arabians and set out to execute change in the general public. This was the sign of his Messianic profession. At 25 years old he wedded a widow known as Khadija. Khadija, who was a rich widow, proposed union with Muhammad and Muhammad acknowledged the proposition (Fiero, 229). As of right now Khadija was 40 years of age and had been bereaved twice. A while later he set out to join the diverse Arab clans and the girls as a free country. So as to accomplish this, he went through years on the pinnacle of Mount Hira. Now Muhammad experienced the trouble of relinquishing an old religion, and experienced energy of finding another one in Islam. The Angel Gabriel plummeted to Muhammad during his contemplation and mentioned of him to recount after him. Peruse for the sake of your Lord who made - made man from a coagulation. Peruse: for your Lord is Most Bountiful, who educates by the pen, instructs man what he knew not. (Quran 96:1-5). Because of Muhammad being unskilled he was not ble to rehash Gabriel and out of dread and uneasiness fled from the heavenly attendant. During his first association with Gabriel, Muhammad was told to lecture the genuine religion to the world, and to spread it over the world by recording it. This composing later got known as the Koran. On his strategic proselyte the world, the principal convert to the new religion was his own significant other Khadijah. She acknowledged the disclosure that Muhammad got from Gabriel as reality and afterward changed over to Islam. Through the hardship that Muhammad suffered during his crucial, bolstered At the age of sixty-five during Ramadan in 620 CE, she passed on (ushistory, 41). As Muhammad turned 40 he started to acknowledge that the one genuine God had picked him to spread the genuine confidence and through the span of three years Muhammad lectured his dearest companions and partners. At that point, about 613CE, he started lecturing in broad daylight. As he picked up adherents, he was viewed as an aggravation to society, and in 622 C. E, Muhammad fled to Medina in dread of his own wellbeing. While in Medina he was offered a spot in political force. This denoted the defining moment of Muhammads life. Individuals egan to change over to this new religion (ushistory, 41). Muhammad had become the most remarkable pioneer in Arabia. Numerous clans started to devastate the icons in Kabah (spot of love) and they started to proclaim Islam as the genuine religion. As various clans Joined Islam, Muhammad sent instructors to proceed to show the different clans the new religion. Numerous others needed to get notification from The Prophet himself so they ventured out to Medina (Kikim). At the point when the yearly journey to Mecca came around and individuals heard that The Prophet would be going to Mecca; they all went to Medina to meet him there. From that point, the Prophet drove the entirety of the travelers in a supplication, and after the petition, they made a beeline for Mecca tailing him. This was the first occasion when that explorers following Muhammad were all venerating Allah, The One True God. All through the journey to Mecca, the explorers said a petition educated to them by The Prophet. As they got to Mecca and went towards Mount Mercy, The Prophet drove the individuals in petition and addressed them once and for all. In 632 C. E, Muhammad turned out to be exceptionally sick and couldn't go to the mosque and implore with the adherents that had assembled, yet he caught them asking with energy. This satisfied him, and in the wake of taking a gander at the individuals, he set down in anguish and kicked the bucket. (Fiero, 233) Even after his demise, Muhammad was hung on high regard because of the way that he was ready to begin another religion as well as ready to join the Arab country. He had the option to maintain this conspicuous status as an extraordinary pioneer because of his ideals. Some of Muhammads excellencies were that for an incredible duration he never rehearsed icon revering, submitted infidelity, drank liquor or lied. The individuals of Mecca completely confided in Muhammad on account of his reliability and honesty. In any event, when he moved back to Medina from Mecca, he deserted his cousin to give back the assets of the considerable number of travelers. Muhammad carried on with a basic existence with no unneeded things. He was pardoning and never struck anybody. As a result of these ethics, Muhammad was known as one of the most persuasive pioneers ever. Every single incredible pioneer share similitudes, for example, how Muhammad is like Jesus. They built up the universes two biggest religions. Christianity remains at around 2. 1 billion adherents, while Islam arrives in a nearby second with 1. 8 billion supporters. odresources) They both demonstrated likenesses between their lessons, monotheism, the conviction that there was just one genuine God who was is all knowing and all amazing. They likewise put stock in the Old Testament as the expression of God and that Abraham was the one through whom God will make an incredible country. Neither Jesus nor Muhammad composed books, however any known d ata about them were composed by their devotees. In the part of overall impact, Muhammad bound together Arab individuals under Islam. Muslim Scholars added to writing, arithmetic, space science, medication, and hemistry. Jesus Christ affected the western world through his instructing of the adoration God nas towards us, ne taug nt the world to cherish each other as the affection us; (godresources) (majority rules system). His instructing are the establishment of numerous medical clinics and good cause (godresources). Muhammad was one of the most compelling individuals who at any point strolled the earth, He affected the world with his capacity to join a once separated country and bring them under one guideline, and furthermore the arrangement one of the most overall spread religion referred to today as the Islam.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Free Essays

THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE: FROM TRAGEDY CAME CHANGE Donna Baker MG 420 14 February 2011 In the mid twentieth century, workers from Europe overwhelmed Ellis Island in huge numbers looking for â€Å"streets cleared with gold† which they accepted to be found in the United States. Most of these foreigners settled in New York City to live in apartment lodging and look for some kind of employment in the â€Å"30,000 processing plant floors and sweatshops that were situated in Lower Manhattan. Every year, 612,000 laborers, for the most part workers were turning out one-tenth of the modern yield of the United States. We will compose a custom article test on The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now A fourth of a million men, ladies and youngsters worked with no guidelines. †3 â€Å"The larger part of piece of clothing laborers were comprised of Southern Italian and Eastern European Jewish outsider ladies. They ran in age from 15 to 23 and many talked minimal English. †2 Their days were long. By and large, laborers put in â€Å"eleven hours, yet frequently they were sixteen to twenty hours, six days every week for which they were paid about $6 every week. †1 The ladies were exposed to terrible, fierce working conditions where on the off chance that you were wiped out, you came to work wiped out inspired by a paranoid fear of being terminated. While at work, it was basic practice to be secured in your work space unfit to go anyplace freely. The nightmarish conditions were compared to working in a slave manufacturing plant. â€Å"The entryways were bolted to keep out association coordinators, to keep the ladies concentrated on their occupations, and to keep the laborers from taking material. †2 â€Å"The murmuring of the machines and the shouting of the foremen made it intolerable. Checks were docked or the laborers were terminated for murmuring or chatting on the activity. †3 The washrooms were situated outside and the laborers were made to request to be excused to utilize them. The shirtwaist creators were paid by the piece delivered and speed was everything. The quality, be that as it may, was not significant. â€Å"In a few cases, they were required to utilize their own needles, string, irons and sometimes their own sewing machines which they carried on their backs. †1 The â€Å"shirtwaist†, which is another name for a woman’s pullover, had a high neck, puffed long sleeves and was firmly fitted at the abdomen. It was â€Å"one of the country’s first design explanations that crossed class lines. The blasting instant dress industry made the beautiful shirtwaist moderate in any event, for working ladies. Worn with a lower leg length skirt, the shirtwaist was suitable for any event †from work to play †and was more agreeable and down to earth than style that preceeded it, similar to bodices and circles. †1 The article of clothing laborers had the beginnings of portrayal to address implorable conditions, as fundamental as it seemed to be, when on â€Å"June 3, 1900 the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) was established in New York City by agents from seven neighborhood East Coast associations. The association spoke to both male and female specialists who delivered women’s apparel. Despite the fact that partnered with the more traditionalist American Federation of Labor for a large portion of its history, the ILGWU was irregular in speaking to both semi-talented and incompetent (computerized) laborers. †8 Although the ILGWU was shaped, it did little to affect the working conditions at the manufacturing plants. In this way, on â€Å"November 22, 1909 the ILGWU assembled a conference in the Cooper Union Hall to counsel its participation and guide out a methodology. †8 The corridor was pressed full and there were numerous speakers who talked perpetually. They guaranteed their help however dreaded counter by the businesses as firings and physical damage. Clara Lemlich, a needle worker and patron who was 19 and right now gravely beaten as far as concerns her in association contribution, approached and made that big appearance. She required a prompt strike of all the piece of clothing laborers and her movement was resoundingly embraced. †1 This was to get known as â€Å"the biggest strike of ladies throughout the entire existence of the United States. †1 Within days, â€Å"more than 20,000 shirtwaist creators, from 500 manufacturing plants, exited and joined the picket line at Union Square. This was known as the â€Å"Uprising of the 20,000†. More than 70 of the littler production lines consented to the union’s requests inside the initial 48 hours. In any case, the savagely hostile to association proprietors of the Triangle processing plant met with proprietors of the 20 biggest industrial facilities to shape an assembling affiliation. †1 â€Å"A month into the strike, a large portion of the little and average sized processing plants settled with the strikers. †1 The article of clothing laborers returned to work. The plants making up the assembling affiliation understood that the popular supposition was not on their side and consented to arrange. The piece of clothing laborers dismissed their proposition since it kept the laborers from having a shut shop. Because of decreasing assets, this first association strike missed the mark. By â€Å"February 1910, the strike was at long last settled and brought about a â€Å"protocol of peace† between the women’s dress industry and work. †7 â€Å"The barely any outstanding industrial facilities rehired the strikers, consented to higher wages and shorter hours and perceived the association in name just, opposing a shut shop. †1 The Triangle laborers returned to work without an association understanding. There were still no guidelines of the working conditions. The executives never tended to their requests, remembering opened entryways for the industrial facility and emergency exits that were useful. This will end up being an amazingly exorbitant mistake inside the accompanying 13 months timeframe. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory was situated in the Asch Building, possessing the main three stories of the ten-story working in the core of Manhattan’s Garment District. The organization utilized â€Å"over 500 people with most of them Jewish and Italian ladies running in age from 13-23. †3 Their work was principally sewing shirtwaist pullovers. The eighth floor was the place the cutting room was arranged. The ninth floor was the place the sewers worked, lined machine to machine in many long columns, slouched over sewing machines that were worked by foot pedals. The completed shirtwaists held tight lines over the worker’s heads and packages of material, trimmings, and pieces of texture were heaped high in the confined path between the machines. †2 The tenth floor housed the organization workplaces. On Saturday, March 25, 1911, at around 4:45pm, with 15 minutes left in the work day, a fire became rapidly crazy on the eighth floor cutters region. It is accep ted to have been brought about by a cigarette or match which was disposed of either on the floor secured with sewing machine oil or in one of the fabric scrap compartments, or conceivably from a sparkle put off from the overheating of an electric cutters machine. Taken care of by a large number of pounds of combustible fabric†6 fire inundated the region and spread to the floors above in record speed. The majority of the laborers on the eighth floor had the option to advance toward wellbeing by utilizing the steps or lift. The laborers on the tenth floor â€Å"received a call about the fire and had the option to move to the top of the structure and advanced toward the abutting New York University constructing and were safeguarded. †6 The shocking specialists on the ninth floor, be that as it may, didn’t stand an opportunity. Their destinies were fixed in light of the fact that â€Å"the just security measure accessible for them were 27 containers of water, an emergency exit that would fall when individuals attempted to utilize it, and 2 leave entryways which were bolted or just opened internal and were viably held closed by the surge of laborers getting away from the fire. †5 About 200 ladies were caught on the ninth floor without any ways to get out. â€Å"Twenty ladies made it out on the emergency exit before it folded to the road, executing various ladies who were on it. Some endeavored to slide down the lift links just to lose their hold and tumble to their demises. 2 The urgent ladies didn’t realize what else to do, so they started breaking out the windows and moving out on the thin edge from which they bounced from the ninth floor to the road underneath. Some were ablaze and consuming as they fell. â€Å"For the local group of fire-fighters, the loathsomeness story that unfurled was aggravated by the way that in spite of the fact that their hardware was the most advanced of its day, the stepping stools just came to up to the sixth floor. †6 Firemen observed weakly as laborers passed on right in front of them. The water pressure in the hoses fizzled. What's more, the existence nets broke when the frantic ladies bounced in gatherings of three and four. In under 30 minutes, the fire had spent itself. Afterward it left 146 dead. †3 â€Å"Of the 146 who kicked the bucket, 141 passed on at the scene and 5 passed on at the medical clinic. Six of these casualties were rarely distinguished. Most kicked the bucket of consumes, suffocation, gruff effect wounds or a blend of the three. †2 It is regularly imagined that most or the entirety of the dead were ladies at the same time, actually, â€Å"almost thirty of the casualties were men. †4 The Triangle fire got known as â€Å"the deadliest modern debacle throughout the entire existence of the ci ty of New York and brought about the fourth most noteworthy death toll from a mechanical mishap in U. S. history. 4 Three months after the fire, the proprietors of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris were â€Å"indicted for homicide and cleared all things considered. †6 It was accepted that they violated no laws. â€Å"Three years after the fire, a court requested the proprietors to pay $75. 00 to every one of the twenty-three families who had sued for the loss of relatives. †3 â€Å"From the remains of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire came the best political change in American history to realize social government assistance enactment. †4 â€Å"The awfulness

Multi Layered Security Plan free essay sample

Straightforwardness of clients passwords can be a significant issue so we have to execute utilize passwords including at least eight characters, both upper and lower case, and utilization of at any rate one uncommon character. Passwords should be changed at regular intervals and a similar secret key can't be utilized again for one schedule year. In the workstation space, we have to ensure that every one of the workstations, regardless of whether work area or PC, has antivirus and mallard assurance Installed on them.Laptops are truly powerless for misfortune or burglary, so all organization PCs ought to have an encoded hard drive so that If they are taken, the information contained on them Is not secured by anybody yet the proprietor. For the LANA space, we have to have trailing about email tricks. Most clients know not to get to dubious messages when on our framework yet a brisk instructional class will help. Likewise, including spam channels will help dispose of a large portion of the Junk email, so there is significantly less danger of workers opening messages containing mallard. We will compose a custom paper test on Multi Layered Security Plan or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the LANA-to-WAN space, we have to close down the FTP server we have running and switch it over to utilize secure FTP with the goal that solitary clients permitted on our framework can get to our FTP server. In the WAN area, we have to cake sure that we have firewalls set up on our system to channel all approaching traffic. A firewall will stop all traffic making advances on our framework that isn't implied or not needed on the Irishman Investments arrange. For the remote access space, we have to ensure the VPN we use Is secure with the goal that our workers are not presenting delicate information to anybody outside of our network.In request to do this we will ensure that everybody utilizing a VPN to get to our system needs to validate to the framework to get approval. For the frameworks/application space, we have to reduce chances for assaults on our servers. This will be finished by making sense of which ports and administrations are not being utilized and stopping access to those ports. This will give programmers less ways onto our framework. Likewise we have to ensure all servers have the most recent patches and updates.These refreshes give the most recent security fixes and keep our servers running at their maximum capacity with less probability of vulnerabilities. Applying all these safety efforts will guarantee an a lot more secure condition, in fact talking. This multi-layered security approach will help keep our system secure and running easily. Goal Project 1, Multi Layered Security Plan By Correlative Project Part 1: Multi-Layered Security Plan spaces of the IT framework and increment security on every one of those areas. Expanding the security on every one of those seven areas will build the general work area or PC, has antivirus and mallard insurance introduced on them. Workstations encoded hard drive so that on the off chance that they are taken, the information contained on them isn't recouped by anybody however the proprietor.

Books By 2019 Booker Prize Winner Bernadine Evaristo

Books By 2019 Booker Prize Winner Bernadine Evaristo Girl, Woman, Other  may have elevated her visibility in the commercial sphere but Bernardine Evaristo has been writing extraordinary literary fiction for many years. This years joint Booker Prize winner is not just a one-trick pony. Margaret Atwood may be the better known Booker Prize winner, but Bernardine Evaristo is no mere mortal in the world of writing. There is a whole wealth of books and other writing by Evaristo that has long escaped my notice. As well as publishing seven books, she also writes poetry, essays, literary criticism, short fiction, and has created projects for the stage and television. She has earned copious prestigious letters after her name (MBE, FRSL, FRSE) honouring the amazing contributions she has made in the arts. For nearly 20 years Bernardine has been giving a voice to those in the African diaspora. Just read a few pages of Girl, Woman, Other and her genius very clearly comes to light. If youre anything like me, once you read one great book by an author, you want to read them all. Thankfully, Bernardine has a very achievable seven novels and many of them arent too long at all. However, its not always a great idea to read them in order of publication. Below is a handy dandy list of all the books by Bernardine Evaristo and my suggestions on the order of which to read them. Of course, you can read them in any order you please. Just make sure you read them. Girl, Woman, Other If you only read one more book this year, please make it this one. Is it a story about 12 individuals, mostly women? Yes. Is it a story about human society as a whole? Hell yes. This is a novel that states very important messages without even an ounce of preachiness. There are a plethora of characters, not all of them immediately likable but all of them relatable. They love, they fight, they are prejudiced and sexist and often just trying to make sense of the ever-changing world. I have never read anything like this and I plan to keep rereading it over and over again. Mr. Loverman Novels about gay, 70-something-year-old Caribbean men are few and far between. Thank goodness we have this gem to turn to. As with Girl, Woman, Other, Bernardine Evaristo doesnt hold back from stepping into the mire of controversy and exploring the prejudices that different communities would rather keep under wraps. Best of all, she explores it from a place of love. Where there could be judgement, there is understanding. And Evaristos everlasting humour shines through yet again. This might sound like a very award-worthy book. It is. Its also very accessible and brilliant. Blonde Roots I call this Noughts and Crosses for grown-ups. Set in a world where the transatlantic slave trade was reversed and Africans enslaved Europeans, Evaristo explores how everything that has come to influence our attitudes, prejudices, and the insidiousness of racism would be changed. This book invites the reader into a world of critical thinking infused with the dry satiric humour I loved in Girl, Woman, Other.   Hello, Mum A short but powerful book about gang crime in London. Written in the voice of a 14-year-old boy, this short novella steers many readers into unfamiliar territory. Its an emotionally tough read. Youve been warned. Lara Now we enter into the novel-in-verse years. The first novel-in-verse I read was The Poet X and, although Im not a huge poetry buff, I adored it. The same thing happened with this book. This novel traces the lineages of two disparate families through the past and present to one mixed-race child, Lara, and her experiences growing in London in the 60s and 70s. This was Evaristos first published novel and the last one to be published by an independent press before she was snapped up by the Penguin family. Which just goes to show it was the beginning of us all recognising her genius. The Emperors Babe A historical novel in verse. Did I not say this woman is a genius? Also, if youre looking for a historical novel featuring black people in which they are not slaves, here you go. Let your love for her work develop before you attempt this one. Dont get me wrong, its fantastic. But Im not a huge poetry buff so this one did take a little more time. However, this is just the beginning of Evaristos catalogue of powerful and vulnerable black women breaking out of the sole identity of immigrant. Soul Tourists To be honest, I hate the cover of this book. But weve all be taught not to judge books by their cover and so we definitely dont do that, right?   However, this is also my least favourite of Evaristos books. It blends a number of different forms, poetry, prose, straight dialogue, and becomes somewhat of a fantasy version of Along Came Polly. Although it was my least favourite, it might end up being your favourite. Whichever order you read them in, I promise youll be highly enriched by reading any/all of Bernardine Evaristos books. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter - Free Essay Example

In terms of embroidery, sewing and clothing in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the aspect of embroidery seems to take a dominant role in how the plot pans out, how the characters transform and are shaped, as well as the the persistent main themes and points that are crafted through the use of this one type of form of art that seems like a simple act of sewing. The embroiderment on Hester represents her beloved daughter Pearl, while also her individuality, and to Hester, together they both are a reflection of who she is and all that encompasses her. But this symbolism morphes and grows into more than what we think it represents as she continues to wear it while embracing all that it brings to her. When we examine the circumstances Hester is faced with, she understands the shame and immorality of wedlock with the towns preacher. But, at the same time she had a choice to make where she could either wallow in despair and disgrace like Puritan society wanted her to, or she could acknowledge what she had done along with the consequences and move on to lead a healthy and happy life. Embellishing the A was her way of owning her mistake without letting it overcome her. By embellishing the symbol of her adultery and promiscuity with gold, Hester is most certainly reclaiming its power for herself. It was meant to be a sign of shame, so for her to own it and make it hers was to laugh in the face of those who condemned her to wear it. As it is described so ornately, the reader must know that it has more significance to it than meets the eye while reading. On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy, that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age, but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony (2, 10). Hester was not so much ashamed of her relationship with Dimesdale. Rather, she stood by him and protected him by not reve aling the true parentage of her child. Hester using the color gold is especially interesting because it may have been used primarily for more expensive or dressier clothing in her embroidery work for the townspeople. It can also be noted that Hesters proficiency in needle work has a symbolic meaning as well and can be directed to her independent character. The defiant spirit, which is clear when the book describes her with a haughty smile when she stands on the scaffold with little Pearl in her arms. This also compels her to use her needle to ornament with gold embroidery her mark of shame and to making a living scarlet letter of Pearl. Along with the symbols that are accompanied with the aspect of embroidering, lest we forget about the sewing needle. There is a significant connection that hints at symbolism with the needle that cannot be denied. Although Hesters skill at needle work is admired wildly and is always in demand, she is not being commanded to embroider even a single wedding dress. Here, needle work functions as a symbol, indicative of the attitude of the puritan settlers towards penance, guilt and sin. It does not encourage Hesters social position being restored among the townspeople, and there is absolutely no hope in sight for her scarlet sin being washed off. The letter A makes her social banishment painfully complete. The exclusion of her needle from embroidering a wedding dress completely symbolizes the harshness of the Puritan attitude. As Hester builds a new life for herself, her charity and precious work end up altering the letters initial symbolism that it holds. Some people even refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification (8, 3), which they essentially forget or choose to forget that its a symbol of her sin of wedlock with Dimesdale. Rather, they exclaim that the A stands for Able to imply that she is a woman who is readily able to do what it takes for anything. As the plot progresses and Hester continues wearing this embroiderment, the letter even grows more so to achieve a status of certain holiness. According to the text, it has the effect of the cross on a nuns bosom. It imparted to the wearer a kind of sacredness, which enabled her to walk securely amid all peril. Had she fallen among thieves, it would have kept her safe (13, 5). But now many years later when she returns and takes it upon herself to wear the scarlet letter again, it has become for her, and others, a symbol of grace. With evidence, it concisely portrays this grace within the letter, a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked up with awe, yet with reverence too (24, 11). If our focus transitions back to Pearl and how she simply reflects the embroiderment as well as Hester herself, we can easily point to how Hester and Pearls relationship is. From the text, it is so evidently clear that their relationship is almost like an interlinked symbol in itself. They simply symbolize each other because when Hester, the reader or Pearl herself thinks of Pearl and what she symbolizes and means, we think of the embroidered A automatically. The same goes for the A, as the meaning behind it is about Pearl herself when the characters and reader think about that letter. From the text, we can see how the twos relationship is unbreakable and indefinitely strong even from the beginning of Pearls life, God gave her into my keeping repeated Hester Prynne, raising her voice almost to a shriek. I will not give her up! And here, by sudden impulse, she turned to the young clergyman, Mr. Dimmesdale, at whom, up to this moment, she had seemed hardly so much as once to direct her eyes (8, 24). With this kept in mind, we still know that Pearl is a constant reminder that Hester is a sinner. Pearl and the letter symbolize adultery and truth. Pearl represents the scarlet letter and everything it stands for. Despite this, it can be easily concluded that their relationship is strong and continues to be bonded through the sharing of the A. Since they both have a connection to it and realize its importance and individuality from everyone else, it essentially bonds them to be how they are characterized in the text as well as how they act and express their feelings to each other. Another important part of the text is when Hester goes back to her way of wearing the scarlet letter, due to her past playing an important part of her identity and creating individuality for herself. By simply embroidering the letter, it can be said that Hester transforms a badge of shame into a symbol of individuality. It just cannot be something that can or should be erased because someone has decided it is shameful. But there was a more real life for Hester Prynne here, in New England, than in that unknown region where Pearl had found a home. Here had been her sin; here, her sorrow; and here was yet to be her penitence. She had returned, therefore, and resumed, of her own free will, for not the sternest magistrate of that iron period would have imposed it, resumed the symbol of which we have related so dark a tale. Never afterwards did it quit her bosom. But the scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which attracted the worlds scorn and bitterness, and became a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon with awe, and yet with reverence, too (24, 337). What she takes on is more similar to reconciliation than penitence. She creates a life where the scarlet letter acts as a symbol of overcoming adversity and of knowledge gained rather than a sign of failure. She assumes control of her own identity and in doing this, she becomes an example for others. She is not, however, the example of sin that she was once intended to be. Rather, she is an example of redemption and self-empowerment. Through all of these various symbols of Hester and Pearl that have been examined through this embroiderment of the letter A, we see how these characters have their own symbols in themselves that are easily translated into the symbols of the letter. Individuality, sin, possibility of redemption and more are uncovered and are then transformed into changing meanings for these characters while they travel through their life with this letter. All classic literature uses symbolism in one way or another to embellish meaning and deeper analysis for the reader to further examine. The very basis of every character, their personal appearance and the way they act revolves around one thing: The Scarlet Letter in crimson fabric. The aspect of embroidery takes a dominant role in how the plot pans out and how the characters transform and are shaped. The embroiderment on Hester is simply a representation of her beloved daughter Pearl whom she has a growing love and of her individuality of this crime that becomes a deep part of her, which expresses her individuality. The letter and her daughter Pearl are essentially a reflection of who she is and all that she is. We do see that as the story progresses that this symbolism of the scarlet letter morphes and grows into more than what we think it represents. These persistent main themes and points that are crafted through the use of this one type of form of art of sewing and needles is wha t carries such a strong function in this book and with these characters.

African-American Culture - 2578 Words

Running head: AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE African-American Culture Abstract In this paper I discuss the African-American culture in regards to values, norms and beliefs. I also discuss my family’s adaptation to these values, norms and beliefs along with my own individual cultural sense of identity. Lastly, this paper reflects the impact of my role and ethical responsibilities as a social worker, especially in relation to working with the Hmong family in the book The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. My cultural group in regards to values, norms, and beliefs. The African-American people have suffered great hardships since slavery. During the 15 and 19th century many Africans were taken and forced into slavery. Some slaves†¦show more content†¦I often wonder how much more amazing my mother would have been if she had been afforded the opportunity of receiving a proper education. Last but not least, spirituality was highly valued in our home more so than anything else. My mother was a strong woman of faith. She had to be because the deck was stacked against her: she was black, widowed with little education. Though she had those things against her, I believe those same things molded and shaped her to being the influential person she was. My mother seen a lot of hard times, she was no stranger to adversity and obstacles but she always believed in prayer and the fact that the Lord would make a way out of no way. When she had nothing else she had her faith and it made everythi ng alright. My individual sense of identity When I was young I didn’t really realize the impact of being African-American until high school. I went to a predominately white school for elementary and middle school. I was just like any other youth. I had my group of friends who were white; I was active in school activities and clubs. I was a student athlete and I got along well with my teachers. Everyone saw me as an upbeat person with a bubbly personality. Surprisingly, race was never brought up it wasn’t an issue for me during that period of my life. However, as I got older I realize there was a difference. As an adult I could really see the prejudice in others. I recall working a on a special project for theShow MoreRelatedAfrican Of African American Culture1572 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no doubt that African Americans have a rich cultural background and history like the many different ethnic groups who settled in the New World, whose origins lie in another country. For this reason, America was known as the melting pot. However, the backgrounds of each of these cultures were not always understood or, in the case of African Americans, accepted among the New World society and culture. Americans were ignorant to the possibility of differences among groups of people until informationRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Culture953 Words   |  4 Pagesand perception of the African American culture. One common characteristic is that African Americans are much more likely to live in poverty and poverty stricken areas than White Americans (McNamara Burns, 2009). What I have learned it is not as simple as African Americans are poorer than White Americans. While the statement is true, it is simplistic. There are many reasons and. causes for the disparity in wealth and income between African Americans and White American. One explanation givenRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Culture Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesblack America? Afr ican American culture in the United States has evolved continuously throughout United States history carrying on various cultural traditions of African ethnic groups brought here during slavery. The U.S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as a person having origins in any of the Black race groups of Africa.[1]. African American culture is derived chiefly from people originated from sub-Saharan and Sahelian cultures in Africa. Over hundreds of years, black culture has partiallyRead MoreAfrican Americans And The American Culture Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe American culture is define to everyone in their own way. Everyone grows up differently in a particular community that shares the same languages, values, rules, and customs. The American Culture on that is consider to be a â€Å"melting pot†, because of all the different cultures that reside inside of it making it so diverse. Race in this country has never been a great topic throughout history. African Americans p lay a huge role into defining what our culture is as a whole, as well as being a partRead MoreThe Evolution Of African American Culture1508 Words   |  7 PagesMy NHD research paper is about the evolution of African American culture. I choose this topic because I have always curious about my culture and I wanted to learn more about my history and where I came from. I’ve seen a couple of movies and read a few things, but this time it is actual research the facts and I get to understand and interpret all of the information. Some of the movies that I’ve seen are 12 Years a Slave, Roots and a few other ones. Those movies helped me think about the topicsRead MoreAppropriation Of African American Culture1119 Words   |  5 Pagesdisrespectful and harmful to the culture being appropriated. In everyday society, African-American culture is being used to be â€Å"cool† and â€Å"different†. The fact that society values a white person for doing the same things black people having being doing for decades, â€Å"everyone wants to be black until it’s time to be black†, and allowing people to remain prejudice and/or ignore the racism the black community deals with, has led me to believe that the appropriation of African-American culture is significant and itsRead MoreThe Segregation Of African American Culture835 Words   |  4 PagesI feel for the most part the characteristics in this united or consistent with my experience in the African American culture. Slavery did set us back some years, but I have to say it has made us stronger. Most of us had to face great obstacles to get in a good place, but no matter what we keep making it through the adversity. After slavery, we as a culture had to make it through the jim crow laws. This sparked the civil right movement that gave blacks a voice to speak out against the injustice thatRead More Essay on African American Culture2045 Words   |  9 PagesEssay on African American Culture Works Cited Missing African American culture is defined as the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and life ways carried by this group of people, which guides their decisions, thinking, and actions in patterned ways. The individual in society is bound by rules of their culture. Culture of people are different in that the same events that maybe fear- inducing in one culture, maybe anger-inducing in another culture (Leiningers, 1991). Read MoreOverview of African-American Culture1898 Words   |  8 PagesBeing a resident of South Carolina, African-American Culture was chosen as part of the applied learning project for the Intercultural Nursing class, because African-Americans make up more than a quarter of this state’s population. According to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, the total population for South Carolina (S.C.) is 4,625,364, with 27.9% being of African-American descent. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding and sensitivity to issues and cultural variances or phenomenaRead MoreBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesImage in the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American community

A Brief Overview of British Literary Periods

Although historians have delineated the eras of British literature in different ways over time, common divisions are outlined below.   Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period (450–1066) The term Anglo-Saxon comes from two Germanic tribes, the Angles and the Saxons. This period of literature dates back to their invasion (along with the Jutes) of Celtic England circa 450. The era ends in 1066, when Norman France, under William, conquered England. Much of the first half of this period, prior to the seventh century, at least, had oral literature. A lot of the prose during this time was a translation of something else or legal, medical, or religious in nature; however, some works, such as Beowulf,  and those by period poets Caedmon and Cynewulf, are important. Middle English Period (1066–1500) The Middle English period sees a huge transition in the language, culture, and lifestyle of England and results in what we can recognize today as a form of â€Å"modern† (recognizable) English. The era extends to around 1500. As with the Old English period, much of the Middle English writings were religious in nature; however, from about 1350 onward, secular literature began to rise. This period is home to the likes of Chaucer, Thomas Malory, and Robert Henryson. Notable works include Piers Plowman and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.   The Renaissance (1500–1660) Recently, critics and literary historians have begun to call this the â€Å"Early Modern† period, but here we retain the historically familiar term â€Å"Renaissance.† This period is often subdivided into four parts, including the Elizabethan Age (1558–1603), the Jacobean Age (1603–1625), the Caroline Age (1625–1649), and the Commonwealth Period (1649–1660).   The Elizabethan Age was the golden age of English drama. Some of its noteworthy figures include Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, Edmund Spenser, Sir Walter Raleigh, and, of course, William Shakespeare.  The Jacobean Age is named for the reign of James I. It includes the works of John Donne, Shakespeare, Michael Drayton, John Webster, Elizabeth Cary, Ben Jonson, and Lady Mary Wroth. The King James translation of the Bible also appeared during the Jacobean Age.  The Caroline Age covers the reign of Charles I (â€Å"Carolus†). John Milton, Robert Burton, and George Herbert are some of the notable figures. Finally, the Commonwealth Age was so named for the period between the end of the English Civil War and the restoration of the Stuart monarchy. This is the time when Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, led Parliament, who ruled the nation. At this time, public theaters were closed (for nearly two decades) to prevent public assembly and to combat moral and religious transgressions. John Milton and Thomas Hobbes’ political writings appeared and, while drama suffered, prose writers such as Thomas Fuller, Abraham Cowley, and Andrew Marvell published prolifically. The Neoclassical Period (1600–1785) The Neoclassical period is also subdivided into ages, including The Restoration (1660–1700), The Augustan Age (1700–1745), and The Age of Sensibility (1745–1785). The Restoration period sees some response to the puritanical age, especially in the theater. Restoration comedies (comedies of manner) developed during this time under the talent of playwrights such as William Congreve and John Dryden. Satire, too, became quite popular, as evidenced by the success of Samuel Butler. Other notable writers of the age include Aphra Behn, John Bunyan, and John Locke. The Augustan Age was the time of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, who imitated those first Augustans and even drew parallels between themselves and the first set. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, a poet, was prolific at this time and noted for challenging stereotypically female roles. Daniel Defoe was also popular.   The Age of Sensibility  (sometimes referred to as the Age of Johnson) was the time of Edmund Burke, Edward Gibbon, Hester Lynch Thrale, James Boswell, and, of course, Samuel Johnson. Ideas such as neoclassicism, a critical and literary mode, and the Enlightenment, a particular worldview shared by many intellectuals, were championed during this age. Novelists to explore include Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Tobias Smollett, and Laurence Sterne, as well as the poets William Cowper and Thomas Percy. The Romantic Period (1785–1832) The beginning date for the Romantic period is often debated. Some claim it is 1785, immediately following the Age of Sensibility. Others say it began in 1789 with the start of the French Revolution, and still, others believe that 1798, the publication year for William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s book Lyrical Ballads, is its true beginning. The time period ends with the passage of the Reform Bill (which signaled the Victorian Era) and with the death of Sir Walter Scott. American literature has its own Romantic period, but typically when one speaks of Romanticism, one is referring to this great and diverse age of British literature, perhaps the most popular and well-known of all literary ages. This era includes the works of such juggernauts as Wordsworth, Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, John Keats, Charles Lamb, Mary Wollstonecraft, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Thomas De Quincey, Jane Austen, and Mary Shelley. There is also a minor period, also quite popular (between 1786–1800), called the Gothic era.  Writers of note for this period include Matthew Lewis, Anne Radcliffe, and William Beckford. The Victorian Period (1832–1901) This period is named for the reign of Queen Victoria, who ascended to the throne in 1837,  and it lasts until her death in 1901.  It was a time of great social, religious, intellectual, and economic issues, heralded by the passage of the Reform Bill, which expanded voting rights. The period has often been divided into â€Å"Early† (1832–1848), â€Å"Mid† (1848–1870) and â€Å"Late† (1870–1901) periods or into two phases, that of the Pre-Raphaelites (1848–1860) and that of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880–1901). This period is in strong contention with the Romantic period for being the most popular, influential, and prolific period in all of English (and world) literature. Poets of this time include Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Matthew Arnold, among others. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, and Walter Pater were advancing the essay form at this time.  Finally, prose fiction truly found its place under the auspices of Charles Dickens, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), Anthony Trollope, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray, and Samuel Butler.   The Edwardian Period (1901–1914) This period is named for King Edward VII and covers the period between Victoria’s death and the outbreak of World War I. Although a short period (and a short reign for Edward VII), the era includes incredible classic novelists such as Joseph Conrad, Ford Madox Ford, Rudyard Kipling, H.G. Wells, and Henry James (who was born in America but who spent most of his writing career in England), notable poets such as Alfred Noyes and William Butler Yeats, as well as dramatists such as James Barrie, George Bernard Shaw, and John Galsworthy. The Georgian Period (1910–1936) The Georgian period usually refers to the reign of George V (1910–1936) but sometimes also includes the reigns of the four successive Georges from 1714–1830. Here, we refer to the former description as it applies chronologically and covers, for example, the Georgian poets, such as Ralph Hodgson, John Masefield, W.H. Davies, and Rupert Brooke. Georgian poetry today is typically considered to be the works of minor poets anthologized by Edward Marsh. The themes and subject matter tended to be rural or pastoral in nature, treated delicately and traditionally rather than with passion (like was found in the previous periods) or with experimentation (as would be seen in the upcoming modern period).   The Modern Period (1914–?) The modern period traditionally applies to works written after the start of World War I. Common features include bold experimentation with subject matter, style, and form, encompassing narrative, verse, and drama. W.B. Yeats’ words, â€Å"Things fall apart; the center cannot hold† are often referred to when describing the core tenet or â€Å"feeling† of modernist concerns. Some of the most notable writers of this period, among many, include the novelists James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Aldous Huxley, D.H. Lawrence, Joseph Conrad, Dorothy Richardson, Graham Greene, E.M. Forster, and Doris Lessing; the poets W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Seamus Heaney, Wilfred Owens, Dylan Thomas, and Robert Graves; and the dramatists Tom Stoppard, George Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, Frank McGuinness, Harold Pinter, and Caryl Churchill. New Criticism also appeared at this time, led by the likes of Woolf, Eliot, William Empson, and others, which reinvigorated literary criticism in general. It is difficult to say whether modernism has ended, though we know that postmodernism has developed after and from it; for now, the genre remains ongoing. The Postmodern Period (1945–?) The postmodern period begins about the time that World War II ended. Many believe it is a direct response to modernism. Some say the period ended about 1990, but it is likely too soon to declare this period closed.  Poststructuralist literary theory and criticism developed during this time. Some notable writers of the period include Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller, Anthony Burgess, John Fowles, Penelope M. Lively, and Iain Banks. Many postmodern authors wrote during the modern period as well.

Political Communications Malaysian Airlines Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Political implication on Malaysia and China China does not believe in the theories that Malaysia Airline detectors said about the plane. China is claiming that the theories about the missing airline are not satisfying since Malaysia is unable to take the system design into account. China has a problem with this theory of the missing airline climbing up to 35,000 feet since it claims that within the moment the airline took off, it was not supposed to climb to such high point thus saying that it exceeds the Airline services ceiling by 3,000 feet which occurred in few second. This makes China not to understand about the claim saying that this was a plot to kill the Chinese residents. This makes China and Malaysia to be at loggerheads politically since China does not believe the theory (Sevastopulo, 2014). Malaysian government failure to notify the Chinese government about the crash earlier makes it hard for the Chinese government to understand why they were not involved in the search and rescue mission. This makes China to see a s if it was a plot to subject the Chinese residents to death. United States while carrying the rescue mission stated that the flight 370 stayed in the air for about four hours until it reached the confirmed location in the southern Indian Ocean (David, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Political Communications: Malaysian Airlines or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The public is kept with first hand information about how the government is doing in collaboration with other countries that are developed in terms of technology. The use of website is used to communicate and advertising media but currently it is used to indicate how the rescue and search mission is being conducted to make sure about global awareness of the Malaysian missing airline.

The Glass Menagerie - Amanda Wingfield Essay - 767 Words

The Glass Menagerie - Amanda Wingfield If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee -Williams’s dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. In general, a Tennessee Williams faded belle is from a prominent Southern family, has received a traditional upbringing, and has suffered a reversal of economic and social fortune at some point in her life. Like Amanda, these women all have a hard time coming to terms with their new status in society—and indeed, with modern society in general, which disregards the social distinctions that they were taught to value. Their relationships with men and their families are turbulent, and they staunchly defend the†¦show more content†¦Unlike them, she is convinced that she is not doing so and, consequently, is constantly making efforts to engage with people and the world outside her family. Amanda’s monologues to her children, on the phone, and to Jim all reflect quite clearly her moral and psychological failings, but they are also some of the most colorful and unforgettable words in the play. The essence of Amanda’s character is caught in her first speech. She seems to need to nag at her children, especially Tom, and she is not even aware that she is nagging. Essentially, she must have something to talk about, and she nags at Tom about little things because she fears that she has lost or is losing him as far as the big things, the significant things, in life are concerned. Amanda’s sense of unreality is caught in these first episodes as she lives in a world of servants and gentlemen callers. Always her language suggests another time and place. Note that all of Amanda’s so-called gentlemen callers either came from the wealthy or became wealthy. The question will arise as to whether she actually had these callers or not. Amanda might have been somewhat popular, but it is almost inconceivable to believe that she actually did have as many as seventeen gentlemen callers. But what is important is that Amanda now believes this story so strongly that the gentlemen callers have become a reality for her. The scene ends again onShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1637 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams is a play about desire to escape and this concept is conveyed through a variety of techniques and ideas shown in this play of exploration by the playwright, Tom Wingfield. First, Jim tries to escape his engagement by having a romantic night with Laura. Then, Tom’s father escapes for the same reasons Tom did. Thirdly, according to Roger Boxill from ‘The Glass Menagerie’ Amanda escapes by reminiscing â€Å"Blue Mountain ... And the seventeen gentleman callersRead More Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEscape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, all four members of the Wingfield family have chosen to hide from reality. Amanda tries to relive her past through Laura, and denies anything she does not want to accept. Laura is terrified of the real world, and choses to hide behind her limp, her glass menagerie and the victrola. Tom hides from his reality by going to the movies, writing poetry, and getting drunk. Mr Wingfield hides from his realityRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams867 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw the line between getting what you want and doing what you are obligated to do? In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main characters are torn between fulfilling their desires and aligning with their role in society. On the surface, Amanda Wingfield plays the role of a caring mother that would do anything in her children’s best interest. However, according to the play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, you should never be fooled by the â€Å"Illusion of the truth.† She indeed values her children’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play The Glass Menagerie 1281 Words   |  6 PagesDevin Simpson Professor Carusp The Glas Menagerie 4/29/15 Within the play The Glass Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom Wingfield all of have their own dreams that are continuously destroyed by the harshness of reality. Amanda, stuck in the ease of her youth, tries to relive her life through her daughter Laura. Being crippled both physically and mentally, Laura struggles to escape the bubble she has created around herself that her mother Amanda so strongly tries to force her out of. Tom whom, althoughRead MoreTheme Of Illusion In The Glass Menagerie1293 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Play† of 1945 (drama critics). Here, the narrator and protagonist of The Glass Menagerie presents the audience immediately with the notion that the play in which the audience is about to watch is actually truth disguised as illusion. As the audience later finds out, The Glass Menagerie is actually Tom’s memory of the events leading up to his departure from his mother, Amanda, and sister, Laura. As The Glass Menagerie is a memory play, based on Tomâ⠂¬â„¢s memory, the characters within the play are simplyRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams932 Words   |  4 Pages THE GLASS MENAGERIE Name Instructor Institution Course Date The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, the author in the play †The Glass Menagerie† that is based on his life that presents characters that, as caught animals in an cage, live in woeful states and just wish to unravel themselves from this state (Fisher, 2010). The primary clash in the story emerges through their longing to encounter a different world, but their condition opens them to life s unforgiving realities. LifeRead More Essay on Escape in The Glass Menagerie1047 Words   |  5 PagesEscape in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, none of the characters are capable of living in the real world. Laura, Amanda, Tom and Jim use various methods to escape the brutalities of life. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Amanda is obsessed with living in her past. Tom escapes into his world of poetry writing and movies. Jim also reverts to his past and remembers the days when he was a hero. Laura retreats intoRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead MoreEssay about Card Report- The Glass Menagerie1270 Words   |  6 PagesCard Report: â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Conflict The major conflict in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† is the feeling of hopelessness that each of the Wingfield’s struggles with. Amanda’s hopelessness comes from the feeling that she isn’t as important as she once was, as though her fame/glory is slowly fading away. 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Law Essay Legal Framework of European Union Citizenship Free Essays

string(72) " It was argued that the concept is â€Å"toothless† \(Jacqueson: 2002 p\." How has the legal framework of European Union citizenship been constructedTo what extent has this translated into a substantive practice of European citizenship? The construction of the legal framework for European Union citizenship started with the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992 and has grown into its present form under the fractious Treaty of Lisbon which came into force on 1st December 2009 after an Irish referendum and excruciating Czech uncertainty. These provisions have been the product of years of work. The Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Citizenship Directive and the case law so far constitute the remainder of what is a complex and dynamic legal framework. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Essay: Legal Framework of European Union Citizenship or any similar topic only for you Order Now In spite of the fact that the concept of the European Union citizenship has entered into common knowledge with even a flag, an anthem and a EU passport (Lenaerts Van Nuffel: 2005) and is indisputably a key part of the European Union, it attracts criticism for being â€Å"toothless† (Jacqueson: 2002 p. 263) and departing from the original pure notions of citizenship as envisaged by the Adonnino Committee of 1985 (Lenaerts Van Nuffel: 2005, Kent: 2008). In the second part of this paper, it will be argued to what extent the legal framework of the European Union citizenship has translated into substantive practice and to what extent the concept is merely symbolic. This will be accomplished by an analysis of the relevant case law and interpretation of the factual findings of the European Commission as well as academic opinions. It was not until 1975 and the Tindeman’s Report, instigated by the Paris Summit of December 1974, that the term European Citizenship was used for the first time (Chalmers: 2010). The aim of the report prepared by the Belgian Prime Minister was to indicate how the term â€Å"European Union† might be interpreted (European Navigator online: 2011). In the report there was a chapter devoted solely to â€Å"A Citizen of Europe† (Tindeman: 1975). It dealt with giving the nationals of the member states civil, political and social rights. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed numerous yet fruitless attempts of the European Commission and the European Parliament to implement these notions (Chalmers: 2010). In September 1990, the Spanish government initiated a proposal called â€Å"The Road to European Citizenship† (Lenaerts Van Nuffel: 2005, Kent: 2008). It expressly called for European Union Citizenship to be established (Chalmers: 2010). The Parliament, the Commission a nd many Member States supported the proposal and as a result, Part 2 of the TEU dealt with the notion of Union citizenship (Chalmers: 2010). Part Two of the TEU, in particular Articles 17-22, constitutes the substantial part of the early legal framework of the citizenship of the European Union. Article 17 extended the rights of citizenship to â€Å"every person holding a nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union† (Art 17(1)). Crucially, Union citizenship is â€Å"not to replace the national citizenship† (ibid). Thus it is frequently asserted that citizenship created by this provision is supplementary or complementary to that of citizenship of Member State (Birkinshaw: 2010, Lenaerts Van Nuffel: 2005, Kent: 2008). It is also derivative, which means that a person is citizen of the Union only when he or she is a citizen of a member state (see Case C-369/90 Mitchelitti [1992] ECRI) TEU provides for certain identifiable rights such as the right to move freely and reside within the territory of a Member State for the citizens of European Union and their families, if they are engaged in internal market economic activity or financially self-sufficient (Article 18(1). furthermore, under article 19(1), citizens have a right to vote and stand for municipal elections in the host Member State. They also have passive and active voting rights in host Member State for elections to the European Parliament (Article 19(2) TEU). Article 20 offers diplomatic and consular protection. Article 21 enshrines a right to petition the European Parliament and a right to complain to the European Ombudsman. The Council of the European Union may strengthen or add to the citizenship rights already specified in the Treaty, however it may not detract from them (Article 22 TEU). Another level in the construction of the citizenship’s legal framework is The Treaty of Lisbon. It brought ab out advances to the notion of European Union citizenship such as European Citizens’ Initiative (Articles 11 TEU and 24 TFEU) and Provisions on Democratic Principle (Title II TEU). Moreover, the Charter of Fundamental Rights contains in is legally binding under Lisbon although the UK has an opt-out. The final step in the making of the framework of the European Union citizenship was Directive 2004/48 on the Right of Citizens of the Unionand their Family Members to Move and Reside Freely within the Territory of the Member States. The aim of the Directive was, inter alia, to promote moving and residing freely within the European Union and to reduce administrative formalities to minimum (Horsepool: 2006) A period of three months has been allowed for citizens to reside in a Member State with merely having an ID or passport. The limitations to this Directive are having sufficient resources or being workers or self-employed so not becoming a burden on the State due to the benefits claimed (Horsepool: 2006). Furthermore, after 5 years residence in a Member State, a citizen would receive a permanent right of residence (Horsepool: 2006). This particular provision does not impose any conditions (ibid). The provisions listed above as the legal framework of Union citizenship constitute an invaluable step towards a more complete belonging of people to the European Union. The idea of universal citizenship, although it has been developing in the course of the last forty years, is still an incomplete one. It is an unfinished and unpolished product. Looking closely at the provisions listed above, the inevitable question arises: is the Union citizenship substantive or merely symbolicTo what extent has the framework of citizenship translated into a substantive practiceQuintessentially, is European citizenship what would be generally understood as citizenship? Some harsh comments have been made about the concept over the years. It was argued that the concept is â€Å"toothless† (Jacqueson: 2002 p. You read "Law Essay: Legal Framework of European Union Citizenship" in category "Essay examples" 263). In fact, some went even further to say that it is not citizenship at all: â€Å"Citizens are individuals who decide upon citizen’s rights, and so citizens have the power to define their content and scope† (p. 205 Birkenshaw: 2010). It is difficult to see how this definition applies to Union citizenship since the citizens of the European Union have very limited powers (Birkenshaw: 2010). Accusations are made of it being a passive kind of citizenship which does not encourage or allow for participation of citizens in the community and lacks a sense of membership (Craig: 2003 p. 760 and see Konstadinides: 2010). There are also practical problems with implementation of some of the provisions in certain Member States. Such problems reduce the extent to which the theoretical framework translates into substantive citizenship. One of the difficulties is with Article 19 of TEU, the right to vote: â€Å"different constitutional provisions in certain Member States and hence derogations are permitted†. (p. 759 Craig: 2003) Perhaps most prominently, criticism has attached to the restrictions on residence right and discrimination against resident third country nationals (Craig: 2003). Article 18 TEU deals with rights of free movement and residence. This right is subject to â€Å"limitations and conditions laid down in the Treaty and by the measures adopted to give it effect† (Art. 18(1)). Curiously, these were not the first provisions regarding free movement and residence enacted (Craig: 2003). Three Directives were adopted in 1990 (90/365, 90/366, 90/364) which required Member States to grant rights of residence (work permits) to specific groups of people other than workers and their families subject to those people with resources not to claim social security benefits and had health insurance (Craig: 2003). Despite the fact that the right of residence no longer requires economical activity, financial self-sufficiency is still essential (Craig: 2003). The difficulty with this condition is that i t means the right of free movement is significantly restricted as Chalmers memorably observed: â€Å"The European Union citizenship is a citizenship for all Europeans who are not poor or sick† (Chalmers: 2010 p. 449). The ECJ has also played a vital part in developing substantive practice. In the Case C-85/96 Martinez Sala v. Freistaat Bayern [1998] ECR I-2691 social and financial inequality among citizens were addressed and laid to rest criticisms that TEU citizenship were merely â€Å"symbolic†. The effect of this ruling was that any Union citizen lawfully resident in a Host State can rely on the principle of non-discrimination (Lenaerts Van Nuffel: 2005). The problem was further addressed in the Case C-184/99 Grzelczyk v. Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve [2001] ECR I-6193. In this case Grzelczyk was held to be allowed welfare benefits in accordance with the notion that those in the same situation should enjoy the same treatment (Hofmann: 2010 p.6), The difficulty remains in the restrictive application of art 18(1) dealing with the right of residence and the interaction with equal treatment (Jacqueson: 2002). Further developments in the doctrine of citizenship and the difficulties of application of Art 18 were created in the case of C -413/99 Baumbast, R v Secretary of State for the Home Department (2002). This case held that Article 18(1) is directly effective subject to the principle of proportionality. As a result a migrant worker who was a Union citizen could renew his residence permits in the UK. Further innovative case law came in Case C-200/01 Zhu and Chen where it is clear that a mother’s rights may derive from a child who needs to be cared for and the UK’s refusal of residence rights was overturned (Horsepool: 2006). Conversely, it is also argued that European Union citizenship is constrained to the consequences of free movement of people (Konstadinides: 2010). Additionally, to lend credibility to the view that the legal framework has not translated into substantive practice of Union citizenship, there are a number of complaints made by the Union citizens who have sought to enforce their rights (Turner: 1999). These problems have been revealed following studies of the Commission, Council and the Parliament (ibid). The results showed a number of difficulties which included: â€Å"obtaining residence permits because of unnecessary and unlawful administrative practices in the Member States; administrative practices in some member states whereby passports are held while residence-permit applications are processed; policies of stamping of passports on entry (the stamp thus serving as a residence permit and no separate permit being issued); rejection of visa applications without justification; unjustified expulsions or expulsions for minor offences; failure to recognise professional qualifications; unjustified discrimination on the grounds of nationality when applying for certain jobs; and difficulties in the registration of foreign cars and motorcycles for personal use.â€Å" (Turner: 1999 p. 3) To address the difficulties, the Commission responded by creating a list of aims (Turner: 1999 p. 3). These included minimizing undue delays in the administration of residence-permit applications, corrected application of free movement rules in expulsions and other measures aimed at EU citizens and protecting the rights of groups such as â€Å"third-country nationals who are family members of EU citizens† (ibid). In addition to the above listed practical and legal aspects, Union citizenship has been criticised for reasons such as â€Å"the symbolism of super-statehood inherent in the notion of EU Citizenship† (Craig: 2003 p. 760), the â€Å"Literal interpretation of the citizenship provision inserted by the Maastricht Treaty reveals symbolic nature of the concept† (p.260 Jacqueson: 2010) and furthermore, â€Å"If the Community is to gain the respect and support of its citizens, European citizenship must be seen to amount to more than a few extra voting rights and an easier ride from the immigration authorities of the Member States† (Vincenzi: 1995 p. 274-275,) To move away from the dangerous zone of EU citizenship being considered bringing nothing new and symbolic, perhaps, an overall institutional and political reform in EU needed for meaningful citizenship (Craig: 2003). According to Turner (1999) what would make the notion of European citizenship translate into more su bstantive practice would be â€Å"the existence of an effective body of EC legislation giving effect to the citizenship provisions in the EC Treaty.â€Å"(1999: p. 3). Nevertheless, Turner is hopeful that with time, the obstacles on the way of reality of European citizenship will be overcome and: â€Å"The concept of EU citizenship will then be transformed from myth into reality† (p.3). As much as it is easy to criticize the notion in the light of the factual findings, perhaps Turner’s positive outlook should be embraced. What must be acknowledged is that the architects attempted to â€Å"rethink and transform citizenship† in order to create something new and better for the people of the European Union (Kostakopoulou, p. 38). When on 16 April 2004, in an interview with Jacques F. Poos, former Luxembourg Foreign Minister, he was asked whether he regarded the European citizenship as a great success, he answered: â€Å"It is a success formally speaking† and although at the time he referred to not making use of voting rights due to lack of information and politics, his statement was very true about the notion of European citizenship altogether (www.ena.lu). European Union Citizenship is a new and dynamic concept. The plethora of complex case law and negative academic opinions together with opinions of the citizens conferred to the European Commission show that although the legal framework of the European citizenship is â€Å"formally speaking a success†, it has not translated into substantive practice yet to any great extent at all. However, some credit must be given as Union citizenship is likely to, in time, turn into a fully effective legal instrument, grow teeth and shed its old â€Å"toot hless† image. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Balibar Ettiene â€Å"We the People of Europe: Reflections on Transnational Citizenship† Princeton University Press, 2004 2. Birkinshaw, Patrick â€Å"European Union legal order after Lisbon† Kulwer Law International 2010 3. Chalmers, Damian Davies Gareth, Monti, Giorgio European Union Law Texts and Materials Cambridge University Press, 2010 p.444 4. Craig Paul, De Burca Grainne EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials Oxford University Press 2003 5. Heater, Derek Benjamin A Brief History of Citizenship, Edinburgh University Press, 2004 6. Horspool, Margaret Humphreys, Matthew European Union Law Oxford University Press 2006 7. Kent, Penelope Law of the European Union Pearson Longman: Worldwide 2008 8. Lenaerts Van Nuffel Constitutional Law of the European Union Thomson: London 2005 9. Steiner, Josephine Textbook on EC Law Blackstone Press Limited, 1994 10. Weatherhill, Stephen Beaumont, Paul EC Law Penguin Books, 1994 11. Usher John Cases and Materials on the Law of the European Communities Butterworths, 1993 Journals: 1. Barber N.W. â€Å"Citizenship, nationalism and the European Union† European Law Review, 2002 E.L. Rev. 2002, 27(3), 241-259 2. Dougan Michael â€Å"Cross-border educational mobility and the exportation of student financial assistance† European Law Review, 2008, E.L. Rev 2008, 33(5), 723-738 3. Fahey Elaine â€Å"Interpretive legitimacy and the distinction between â€Å"social assistance† and â€Å"work seekers allowance†: Comment on Cases C-22/08 and C-23/08 Vatsouras and Koupatantze† European Law Review, 2009, E.L. Rev. 2009, 34(6), 933-949 4. Hilson Chris â€Å"What’s in a rightThe relationship between Community, fundamental and citizenship rights in EU law â€Å" European Law Review, E.L. Rev. 2004, 29(5), 636-651 5. Konstadinides Theodore, â€Å"La fraternite europeeneThe extent of national competence to condition the acquisition and loss of nationality from the perspective of EU citizenship† European Law Review, 2010, E.L. Rev. 2010, 35(3), 401-414 6. Kostakopoulou Dora â€Å"European Union Citizenship: Writing the Future† available at http://aei.pitt.edu/7943/1/kostakopoulou-d-10b.pdf accessed on 27.03.2011 7. Langer Jurian â€Å"European citizenship: a rising tide?† EU Focus, 1999, EU Focus 1999, 33, 2-5 8. Mantu Sandra, â€Å"Janko Rottman v Freistaat Bayern, Case Comment† Journal of Immigration Asylum and Nationality Law, 2010, J.I.A.N.L 2010 24(2) 182-191 9. Shaw Jo â€Å"The many pasts and futures of citizenship in the European Unionâ€Å" European Law Review E.L. Rev. 1997, 22(6), 554-572 10. Turner Catherine â€Å"EU Citizenship: myth or reality†1999 EU Focus 1999, 40, 2-3 11. Vincenzi Christopher â€Å"European citizenship and free movement rights in the United Kingdom† P.L. 1995, Sum, 259-275 Case Law: Rottmann v Freistaat Bayern (C-135/08) Unreported March 2, 2010 (ECJ) Case C-369/90 Mitchelitti [1992] ECRI, Case C-192/99 Kaur [2001] ECR I-1237, Case C-200/02 Zhu and Chen [2004] ECR I-9925 Case C-85/96 Martinez Sala v. Freistaat Bayern [1998] ECR I-2691 Case C-378/97 Criminal Proceedings against Wijsenbeek [1999] ECR I-6207. Case C-184/99 Grzelczyk v. Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve [2001] ECR I-6193 Case C-193/94 Skanavi and Chyssanthakopoulos [1996] ECR I-929 Case C-413/99 Baumbast and R [2002] ECR I-7091 Case C-209/03 Bidar v London Borough of Ealing [2005] ECR I-2119 Case C-11/06 and C-12/06 Morgan and Bucher [2007] ECR I-9161 Case C-413/99 Baumbast v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] ECR I- 7091 Legislation: Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) 1992 Treaty of Lisbon Charter of Fundamental Rights Directives: Directive 2004/48 on the Right of Citizens of the Union an their Family Members to Move and Reside Freely within the Territory of the Member States Directive 1990/365, Directive 1990/366, Directive 1990/364 Reports: Tindemans’ Report 1975 available at http://www.ena.lu/the_tindemans_report-020100267.html Websites visited: 1. European Commision Website: www.ec.europa.eu on 22.03.2011 and 27.03.2011 2. European Commission Citzenship: www.ec.europa.eu/citizneship/index_en.htm on 27.03.2011 2. European Navigator http://www.ena.lu/ on 22.03.2011 3. Westlaw: www.westlaw.co.uk 22.03.2011 Other Materials: Prof. Herwig Hofmann, University of Luxembourg â€Å"EU Constitutional Law: XI: EU Citizenship and the principle of non-descrimination† available at www.ena.lu/eu_constitutional_law_eu_citizenship_principle_non_discrimination-2-37822-1.pdf accessed on 27.03.2011 Transcript of an interview with Jacques F.Poos on the innovations of the Treaty of Maastricht, Sanem, 16 April 1994 available at www.ena.lu accessed on 27.03.2011 EU Focus 2008 â€Å"Commission adopts fifth report on union citizenship† available on westlaw.co.uk accessed on 22.03.2011 How to cite Law Essay: Legal Framework of European Union Citizenship, Essay examples

Anorexia Nervosa and the media Essay Example For Students

Anorexia Nervosa and the media Essay A normal female takes a stroll down the streets of Manhattan and ends up at Times Square, probably one of the most colorful places on earth, which also has an abundant number of advertisements. As this female looks up at the pictures, she can see a Calvin Klein ad. The image portrays people who are the idols of our youth; young, thin, beautiful men and women. These young people depict the ideal body. As this female walks, she begins to notice her own physical attributes and wonders what it would take for her to look like that Calvin Klein model. Despite the fact that the greatest majority of us could never attain these physiques, many, especially young women, deeply desire to have bodies like these. And many will go to great lengths to attain their goal. This often means stringent, unhealthy diets, laxative abuse, and even forcing themselves to vomit. Although the medias portrayal of the perfect body may not be the soul source of eating disorders, they play a big part. Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of self-starvation, which manifests itself in an extreme aversion to food and can cause psychological, endocrine, and gynecological problems. It almost exclusively affects adolescent white girls, with symptoms involving a refusal to eat, large weight loss, a bizarre preoccupation with food, hyperactivity, a distorted body image and cessation of menstruation. Although the symptoms can be corrected if the patient is treated in time, about 10-15 percent of anorexia nervosa patients die, usually after losing half their normal body weight. Anorexia nervosa patients typically come from white, middle to upper-middle class families that place heavy emphasis on high achievement, perfection, eating patterns and physical appearance. (There has never been a documented case of anorexia nervosa in a black male or female.) A newly diagnosed patient often is described by her parents as a model child, usually because she is obedient, compliant, and a good student. Although most teenagers experience some feelings of youthful rebellion, persons with anorexia usually do not outwardly exhibit these feelings, tending instead to be childish in their thinking, in their need for parental approval, and in their lack of independence. Psychologists theorize that the patients desire to control her own life manifests itself in the realm of eating-the only area in the patients mind where she has the ability to direct her own life (Mental Health, Long). In striving for perfection and approval, a person with anorexia may begin to diet in order to lose just a few pounds. Dieting does not stop there. An abnormal concern with dieting is established. Nobody knows what triggers the disease, but suddenly, losing five to ten pounds is not enough.The anorectic patient becomes intent on losing weight. It is not uncommon for someone who develops the disorder to starve herself until she weighs just 60 or 70 pounds. Throughout the starvation process, she either denies being hungry or claims to feel full after eating just a few bites. Another form of anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder known as bulimia. Patients with this illness indulge in food binges, and then purge themselves through vomiting immediately after eating or through the use of laxatives or diuretics. While on the surface these patients may appear to be well adjusted socially, this serious disease is particularly hard to overcome because it usually has been a pattern of behavior for a long time. Psychological symptoms such as social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsiveness and depression often precede or accompany anorexia nervosa. The patients distorted view of herself and the world around her are the cause of these psychological disturbances (Mental Health, Long). Distortion of body image is another prevalent symptom. While most normal females can give an accurate estimate of their body weight, anorectic patients tend to perceive themselves as markedly larger than they really are. When questioned, most feel that their emaciated state (70-80 lbs.) is either just right or too fat(Mayohealth)Profound physical symptoms occur in cases of extreme starvation. These include loss of head hair, growth of fine body hair, constipation, intolerance of cold temperatures and low pulse rate. Certain endocrine functions also become impaired. In females this results in a cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea) and the absence of ovulation. Menstruation usually will not resume until endocrine balanced is restored. Ovulation is suppressed because production for certain necessary hormones decreases. Anorexia in boys has effects similar to those in girls: severe weight loss, psychosocial problems and interruption of normal reproductive system processes. Treatment fo r anorexia nervosa is usually threefold, consisting of nutritional therapy, individual psychotherapy and family counseling. A team made up of pediatricians, psychiatrists, social workers and nurses often administers treatment. Some physicians hospitalize anorexia patients until they are nutritionally stable. Others prefer to work with patients in the family setting. But no matter where therapy is started, the most urged concern of the physician is getting the patient to eat and gain weight. This is accomplished by gradually adding calories to the patients daily intake. If she is hospitalized, privileges are sometimes granted in return for weight gain. This is known as a behavior contract, and privileges may include such desirable activities as leaving the hospital for an afternoons outing. Albert Einstein Essay About Birth ControlIn the spring of 1996, plastic sandwich bags began disappearing by the hundreds from the kitchen of a sorority house at a large northeastern university. When the sororitys president investigated, she found a disturbing explanation: The bags, filled with vomit, were hidden in a basement bathroom. I was shocked, remarked the president (who later learned that the buildings pipes, eroded by gallons of stomach acid, would have to be replaced. Yet in a way it made sense. Most of her 45 housemates, she recalls, worried about weight. It was like a competition to see who could eat the least. At dinner they would say, All I had today was an apple, or I havent had anything. It was surreal (People Online, October 12, 1999). The media plays a strong role in influencing the need to lose weight. Young people are made to believe that thin is beautiful and they must be slim to be attractive. The media has the tendency to stereotype overweight people in a negative manner. Sophia Loren and Marilyn Monroe could not get a job, exclaimed director Joel Schumacher. Their agents would tell them, Go on a diet, get a trainer(People)In a June 3, 1996 issue of People magazine, actress Alicia Silverstone was being defended by Joel Schumacher for the mockery in the press for have gaining weight.At March 1995s Academy Awards ceremony, Silverstone, 19, the fresh-faced sensation of The Crush and Clueless, did the unthinkable: She appeared in public despite the fact that, like many of her teenage peers around the country, she had just added on 5 or 10 pounds. Was she congratulated for the self-confidence and assurance it took to be herself? Hardly. The tabloids, noting Silverstones role in the next Batman sequel, blared out l ines like Batman and Fatgirl and Look Out Batman! Here Comes Buttgirl! and Entertainment Weekly sniped that Alicia was More Babe than babe(People). Schumacher, whos directing Silverstone in the upcoming Batman and Robin, says he was startled by the meanness of the stories; The news coverage was outrageous, disgusting, judgmental, and cruel. What did this child do? Have a couple pizzas? (People Magazine, June 1996)In a word, yes. In the moral order of todays media-driven universe, in which you could bounce a quarter off the well-toned abs of any cast member of Baywatch or Friends, fashion magazines are filled with airbrushed photos of emaciated models with breast implants. And the perfectly attractive Janeane Garofalo can pass for an ugly duckling next to Beautiful Girl Uma Thurman in the hit movie The Truth About Cats and Dogs. The definition of what constitutes beauty or even an acceptable body seems to become more inaccessible every year. We are evolving toward an unnatural view of beauty. Thin women with huge breasts and stick legs, like those of 12-year-olds. What real womens bodies look like is labeled wrong and unattractive. In conclusion, I believe teenage girls are deluged by images from television, movies, and magazines; battling with an increasingly unrealistic standard of beauty, and pay a price. This says a lot about our culture. Our society worries too much about impressing everyone else with looks. It is seen everyday in movies and media, the stars that people watch and try to look like are perfect to us. People want to look like these stars and will go to any cost to become similar to that star; even if it means harming their bodies. Our society goes too far. Some people are way too harsh on other people. Instead of excepting people for who they are, people judge by looks alone. This is what causes our society to be infatuated with being skinny and having to look like that supermodel on television. Bibliography:ReferencesBody Image: What do you see in the mirror? 17 April, 1997: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9/04/htm/body_ima.htmGangnon, Louise., Despite Image, Most Anorexics Are 45 or Older. The Medical Post, 8 October, 1996: n.pg. Internet.WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-et01.htmlLong, M.D., Phillip W., Anorexia Nervosa: American Description. 1997: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-et01.html (October7, 1999)Long, M.D., Phillip W. Is Anorexia Nervosa Becoming More Common? The Harvard Medical School Mental Health Letter, September 1998: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5h-et02.html (October 7, 1999)Out of Control. People Online 12 April, 1999: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.pathfinder.com/people/991018/features/archive_disorder.html (October13, 1999)Researcher Says Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa Have Genetic Basis21 January, 1998: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhelp.net/article/eatdis2.html (October 7, 1997)Schneider, Karen S., Mission Impossible. People Magazine. 3 June. 1996What Causes Eating Disorders? n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://shrike.depaul.edu/pdanes/hhk3.ht